The treaty was signed in 2001 and took effect in 2004.. At its fourth meeting in May 2009, nine additional POPs were added to the Stockholm Convention. The Convention entered into force on 17 May 2004, ninety (90) days after submission of the fi ftieth instrument of ratifi cation, acceptance, approval or … The Stockholm Convention originally identified 12 POPs (i.e., “the Dirty Dozen”) for elimination globally, and 185 countries have ratified this agreement. a)What are the circumstances under which it can be used and why? Adopted in 2001 by 91 countries including the Philippines and having entered into force in 2004, the Stockholm Convention enjoins states to take measures to eliminate or reduce the release of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the environment in order to protect human health and the environment. However, because of their long half-lives, human exposure persists for decades even after production has been stopped. A "dirty dozen" of industrial chemicals blamed for causing deaths and birth defects will be outlawed from today by a UN pact, with many experts wanting other toxins added to the blacklist. A pesticide used … INTRODUCTION. The Stockholm Convention aimed to control the production of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) – hazardous chemicals that last long in the environment, and increase in concentration in the food chain. The UN, under the Stockholm Convention, has regulated many of these POPs. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are environmental chemicals that persist in the environment for long periods of time. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s (UNECE) Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants (commonly known as the Aarhus Protocol) was adopted in 1998. The Stockholm Convention is a global treaty ratified by the international community and led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) that calls for the elimination and/or phasing out of 12 POPs, called the "dirty dozen" . The 12 POPs initially targeted, referred to as the ‘dirty dozen,’ are: aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, toxaphene, PCB, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. This was closely followed in 2001, by the adoption of the Stockholm Convention which identified the initial 12 POPs (dirty dozen). The dirty dozen. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants was adopted at a Conference of Plenipotentiaries on 22 May 2001 in Stockholm, Sweden. The 12 toxic chemicals banned by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants are: Aldrin. Recently, another 9 classes of POPs (i.e., “the Nasty Nine”) were identified for elimination. 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