The American holly, called the evergreen or Christmas holly (Ilex opaca Aiton) was named the state tree of Delaware on 1 May 1939. American Holly. One common holly disease is … A pyramid-shaped evergreen tree with spines on its foliage, American holly blooms in May or June (depending on where you live). Crabapple bark tends to be smooth and red to brown in color. Honeybees are attracted to its tiny white flowers. American holly is a beautifully shaped tree, with a symmetrical, dense, wide pyramidal form. Being situated in too much shade will cause the plant foliage to lose density. American holly is a beautifully shaped tree, with a symmetrical, dense, wide pyramidal form. Some people prune the lower branches from older trees to expose the handsome, smooth, gray bark. General Characteristics: The holly tree has spiny evergreen leaves and red berries on the female trees. This rare occurrence is unique to Britain. American holly Legal Status. American holly is not used medicinally very often anymore. Spider mites cause discoloration and speckling of holly foliage. Being able to identify the types of disease that may cause the tree to become damaged or suffer a premature death will help a holly tree owner apply a fix that will save the tree and prolong its life. The American holly tree (Ilex opaca) is an evergreen species renowned for its leaves and berries, which often wind up in Christmas decorations. Common names are from state and federal lists. » Holly Family » … Creatures » ... any provider CalPhotos Flickr BHL Wikimedia Commons Flickr Group USDA PLANTS images Bioimages Vanderbilt DwCA Silvics of North America USGS Bee Inventory and Monitoring Lab. The first scientific observation of the American Holly tree was recorded in 1744. The holly tree (Ilex opaca) is an evergreen featuring bright-red fruits and small, greenish-white flowers. However, the berries from a good sized holly tree will feed many birds during the winter. Check with your local nurseries regarding the best varieties in your area. Flowers appear in early May. American holly has strong wood and an upright habit, which make the tree impervious to snow and ice. Jun 10, 2015 - This Pin was discovered by Jay Pittman. N.C. American holly Legal Status. The American Holly tree has been popular since the beginning of American history, having served Native Americans with wood for many different applications and berries that were used for buttons and barter. Harvesting is mainly restricted to short logs and bolts. Holly plants (Ilex spp.) American Holly is dioecious - trees have either male or female flowers. It can be stained and polished and is used to make furniture or in engraving work. How to Cut Back Holly to Six Inches From the Ground. NC State Fact Sheet Its best growth in the wild usually occurs in rich bottomlands and swamp margins. Overview Information Wild cherry is a tree. [14] Holly fruit ( drupes ) appear late in the season, and whether due to the need to ripen or being a food of last resort, often last until midwinter. The Alabama used the bark for an eye wash, as did the Choctaw. It doesn’t make a good plant for small yards, but can be a beautiful plant when given space to grow. The Holly plant does grow pretty slow, but can eventually attain a height of around 30-50 feet in a compact pyramid shape. It is used primarily as a decoration. Beautiful Holly Wood wand. Holly wood also makes good firewood and burns with a strong heat. American holly normally grows to heights of 15 to 30 feet tall, but records indicate mature heights of up to 100 feet. They are presented in alphabetical order. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); All photographs and text ©2013 by Will Cook unless otherwise noted. Trees are either male or female and require several to get fruit production. This fungus primarily affects the root system and reduces plant vigor. This species is easily identified because it is the only native U.S. h… Its thick, leathery, alternate, simple, deep green leaves (2-4" long) have spiny marginal teeth. It is often used in place of English holly, especially in Christmas decorations. Virginia Tech Dendrology, Recommended Tree, Shrub, and Woody Vine Identification Guides. American holly Ilex opaca. American Holly is an evergreen tree that may grow 40 to 60 feet tall. cc-by-4.0. Most types bear red or orange berries. This tree seems to occur either as solitary individuals or thickly with no in-between. Individual male flowers are about ¼" across, consisting of a short green calyx with 4 lobes, 4 greenish white or yellowish white petals, and 4 stamens. It is commonly used to make walking sticks. The bark of it is smooth, and grayish to grayish-brown. Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of North Carolina. The American holly was named Delaware’s official tree in 1939 when the state was the leading exporter of holly Christmas wreaths. Not all hollies can be used interchangeably. Ord.—Aquifoliaceae. American Holly. Aboveground symptoms may include stunting of terminal growth, shortening of internodes, and interveinal chlorosis. No new data are available. Holly cuttings are made from canes of new growth that have been removed from the holly bush. Infected roots are dark brown to black, usually starting at the root tips. New York. The native American holly is easily identified by its dark green, thorny leaves and smooth bark. It was the Cherokee that … Medium to fine uniform texture with moderate natural luster. Holly is often found in Beech and Oak woodlands, but can also, although rarely, form pure holly forests. American Holly use was documented by the great ethnobotanist Daniel Moerman by several Native American Indian tribes for example. Figure 2.–American holly bark. Illicin, possibly saponic glycosides, and triterpenoids. Common Name(s): American Holly Tree. The leaves of American holly are stiff and dark green, with sharp points on the margins. Person Co., NC 4/1/06. If planted in the right conditions and decently cared for some hollies can live up to 100 years or longer. The American holly, in its pyramidical shape and in its brilliant evergreen foliage, bears a striking resemblance to the European ... which remain long attached to the branches. The holly tree is native to the United States, from as far north as Massachusetts southward to the middle of Florida and westward to … While holly bushes are lovely, they are susceptible to diseases that affect their health and appearance. They can reach a height from 50 feet with a 2 foot diameter. Identifying diseases that are harmful to a holly tree is important to a tree’s owner. Holly bark is light gray or white. American Holly appears to be regionally adapted. Explore Recent Photos; Trending; Events; The Commons; Flickr Galleries; World Map Threatened and Endangered Information: This plant is listed by the U.S. federal government or a state. On the poor soils of coastal beaches, this holly may never exceed shrub size. Male trees produce axillary clusters of 3-12 male flowers on peduncles about 1" long. The dark green, elliptical leaves have several spiny teeth along the leaf margin. Leaves are alternate, simple, oblong to elliptic, coriaceous, and have an apical spine. Plants grow best in low, acid pH soils in part shade. While it can grow in partial shade, you will achieve denser growth if you give it full sun. The American holly tree has been popular since the beginning of American history, having served the Native Americans with wood for many different applications and berries that were used for buttons and barter. Ilex opaca, commonly called American holly, is an upright, pyramidal, evergreen tree that slowly matures to 15-30' in cultivation, but may reach 50' tall in the wild. American Holly is a fairly common understory tree, American Holly is easy to identify, with prickly evergreen leaves, smooth bark, and red fruits (on female trees) that last through the winter. The leaves are typically yellow in alkaline soils and have a dusty, dirty look to them. Threatened and Endangered Information: This plant is listed by the U.S. federal government or a state. It will not do well in locations not protected from cold winter winds and winter sun. The bark and fruit are used to make medicine. Our only similar species is Chinese Holly (Ilex cornuta), which has distinctively shaped leaves and is smaller in stature. This variety of holly is an evergreen growing tree that attains an average height of 33-36 feet. Holly bushes, such as the English holly and the American holly, are often placed in home gardens and yards for their glossy green foliage. It often develops as a multi-trunked specimen with a unique habit and can reach rather substantial heights. ---Parts Used---Leaves, berries, bark. Perhaps the birds that relish its red berries have something to do with this? American holly is a slow grower and typically matures to a height of 30 feet (but may be taller in the wild). Our only similar species is Chinese Holly (Ilex cornuta), which has distinctively shaped leaves and is smaller in stature. Bark. While it prefers normal moisture, the tree has some flood tolerance and drought resistance. trusted. Holly Bark, Editor: Wicked Minds. Very rarely, American Holly flowers are 5-parted instead of 4-parted. Read our Commitment to Diversity | Read our Privacy Statement. Of the 29 species of North American hollies, American holly is the only tree-sized holly that keeps its leaves through the winter. American holly (Ilex opaca), the state tree of Delaware, is a fantastic tree, with brilliant red berries and dark green leaves that are popular decorations during the Christmas season. More information: I'm trying to em-bark on the next stage of my life, and the first step is branching out with my relationships. ‘Slim Jim’ American Holly1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION A popular landscape plant since the beginning of American history, this broad-leafed evergreen has served a variety of uses through the years (Fig. 1). The spiny, dull green leaves are accented with clusters of red berries which persist throughout the fall and winter. Holly is usually cut during the winter and kiln dried shortly thereafter to preserve the white color of the wood. American Holly (Ilex opaca) Mature Size: 15 – 30′ high and 18 – 40′ wide Cooperative Extension prohibits discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex (including pregnancy), disability, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, and veteran status. Diseases Tar spot may occasionally cause small yellow spots on the leaves in early summer. Holly – more specifically the European holly, Ilex aquifolium – is commonly referenced at Christmas time, and is often referred to by the name Christ's thorn. SUPPLY In the previous version of this publication (1953), the wood supply was reported to be at least 5 million board feet. Botanical Source.—This tree rises from 20 to 40 feet in height, having leaves which are alternate, coriaceous, evergreen, smooth, and shining, flat, oval, acute at the end, and the wavy margins armed with strong, scattered, spiny teeth. COMMON NAME: American holly. Light gray-white and smooth bark, may be splotched or warty. form a strategic partnership called N.C. 1. Upon the trunk of old trees the bark is smooth and of a whitish-gray color; on the young branches it is green and shining. In natural settings, they often grow 30-60 feet tall with some individuals reaching almost 100 feet. Scales of various types may infest holly. Its fruits are eaten by songbirds, wild turkeys, quail, white-tailed deer, squirrels and other small mammals. The American Holly is easily grown in average, consistently moist, acidic, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. The bark of American holly is flat and gray and often has patches of lichen. The American holly grows well in acidic, loamy, moist, rich, sandy, well-drained and clay soils. Common names are from state and federal lists. American holly used as large-scale foundation plant at Hood College in Frederick County, Md. its stormy-worthy nature. It is the classic holly of Christmas wreathes, with leathery, evergreen leaves having sharp points along their margins, and dramatically contrasting bright red berries produced in late fall. Shaggy, rough, or peeling bark; Lots of dead leaves underneath the plant (litter) Needle-like or very fine leaves; Foliage with low moisture ; The following list of flammable plants was created from information provided by various fire agencies, and botanical organizations throughout the United States. leaf and flower in spring Brunswick Nature Park, 'Clarendon Spreading' Form (Biltmore, NC), PA and MA south through FL, west to TX up through Midwest states. This bark becomes covered in wartlike growths as the trees age. Flower: Species is dioecious; dull green-white, male flowers on 3 to 7 flowered cymes, female flowers are solitary with a pleasant odor, appearing in late spring. It is probably not appropriate for me to name any of them here, but a search for “American holly lumber” should return fruitful results. If your holly is deciduous, this means your cuttings won’t have any leaves on them. Nat. Holly branches are still used to decorate homes and make wreaths at Christmas. The tree has alternate leaves with spiny toothed and sometimes smooth margins. Once you have these canes, you can cut them into pieces about six inches (15 cm.) Acacia . Facts. How to Measure the Age of a Holly Tree. Comments The male and female holly flowers grow on separate male or female plants. This type of tree is dioecious, meaning male and female trees are separate. Also take note of the smooth bark. Although some are less toxic than others, it is best to keep your dog away from any variety. Male and female flowers appear on separate trees and trees of both sexes must be located in the same neighborhood to ensure production of berries on the female plants. American holly has smooth bark when it is young. The tree has alternate leaves with spiny toothed and sometimes smooth margins. Discover (and save!) American holly is a broad-leaved evergreen tree reaching 40 to 50 feet high, densely pyramidal in youth becoming more open and symmetrically conical with age. It was said to be a favorite of George Washington, and more than a dozen hollies he planted are still evident today. Reply. English holly plants are the quintessential hollies, short broadleaf evergreen trees with dense, dark-green glossy leaves. The ones at left are staminate (male) flowers. These trees are commonly used in native plantings, as shrub borders, mass planting, and for fruit displays during the fall and winter season. American holly has smooth bark when it is young. The plants come in many shapes and sizes, ranging from spreading dwarf shrubs 6 inches in height to trees 70 feet tall. Look at the tree bark’s color, texture and pattern. Ilex opaca: American Holly 4 Pests Holly leaf miner larvae mines out the leaf middle leaving yellow or brown trails. You will simply take your cuttings and dip them in a compound used for rooting.There are various strengths to the rooting compound and your garden store can let you know which one you need for growing holly. New York . ... quite fabulous stuff (see photo). However, in planted settings, they are often only 15-30 feet tall. American holly Aquifoliaceae Ilex opaca Aiton symbol: ILOP Leaf: Alternate, simple, evergreen, elliptical, 2 to 4 inches long, spiny toothed margin, thickened and leathery, shiny dark green above, much paler below. Grow it in a well-drained soil, but keep the soil moist. Vance Co., NC 4/26/04. It provides essential ecosystem functions, including providing winter shelter for songbirds. It has greenish-white flowers bloom April-June (male flowers in 3-12 flowered clusters and female flowers solitary or in 2's or 3's). Propagating holly should be done while the bush is dormant. "Watch the video The bark is smooth and is often ash-colored or black. Black Root Rot: Black root rot is caused by the fungus Thielaviopsis basicola. Berries. How to Grow Holly Cuttings. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to Grain/Texture: Grain is interlocked and irregular. Holly (Ilex sp.) Small, dull green-white, solitary flowers mature in late spring. Twospotted Spider Mites on Landscape Plants, Soft Scale Identification and Management on Ornamental Plants, Botrytis Fruit Rot / Gray Mold on Strawberry, NC Cooperative Extension and NHC Arboretum. in length. When milled, the sapwood is white and the heartwood is an ivory white with a bluish cast or streaks. Blooms are produced on the current season's growth beginning in April in the southern growth range and June in the north. Also called by their scientific name “ilex opaca,” American Holly is native to south central and eastern United States and further west to southeastern Missouri and eastern Texas. This tree provides cover during the winter. Bark—llex opaca: American holly Credits: Gitta Hasing. The American Holly is dioecious (male and female flowers are on separate trees). Silvics Manual Holly is usually cut during the winter and kiln dried shortly thereafter to preserve the white color ... Should I remove the bark, ie skin it? American holly isn’t just good looking, though. Male and female flowers are on separate trees, so trees of both sexes must be located within the same area to ensure fruit production. The berries are packed along the branches and they turn red by October, and stay on the bush well into the winter, and certainly through the holidays, when you can cut branches for wreaths, table-decoration or vases. My name is Holly and I am an American. Male flowers. I am a hard-core dicot with my roots in eastern and south-central United States, from coastal Massachusetts south to central Florida, and west to southeastern Missouri and eastern Texas. Fire Risk: This plant has a high flammability rating and should not be planted within the defensible space of your home. Lots of American hollies can … Growing holly cuttings is not at all difficult. Plantae>Magnoliophyta>Magnoliopsida>Celastrales>Aquifoliaceae>Ilex opaca Ait. Preparations. Young American plums have reddish gray bark with small horizontal ridges. It is a deer-resistant tree. Persist on tree from September through February. Spines are evenly spaced and are long and sharp. Holly bark is light gray or white. Click on a place name to get a complete protected plant list for that location. Adult Henry's Elfin butterflies feed on flower nectar. Plants with extensive root rot damage will usually decline and die during dry periods.Prevention & Tr… Corteza de Olmo, Écorce d'Orme, Narvan Elm, Orme Champêtre, Orme Commun, Smooth-Leaved Elm, Ulmus minor. Females produce bright berries. It is native to the eastern and central U.S., most frequently found in moist woods, forest bottomlands and swamp peripheries plus some coastal dunes (e.g., Cape Cod down the Atlantic Coast) from Massachusetts to West Virginia to Ohio to southeastern Missouri south to Texas and Florida. The evergreen American Holly stands out along denuded winter trails. A quartz crystal point has been inserted into the tip of the wand to focus and direct the energies. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Holly: Varieties include American holly, English holly, Japanese holly, and Christmas holly. Male and female flowers appear on separate trees and trees of both sexes must be located in the same neighborhood to ensure production of berries on the female plants. Also called by their scientific name ... Its bark is generally smooth with some lenticels and often sports a dark gray to brown color. It will tolerate a broad range of soil conditions and is pollution tolerant, but will not tolerate flooding or soils saturated with moisture. Although exact temperature … It can also be dyed and used as a substitute for ebony. Chapel Hill, NC 5/3/03. Holly has both male and female trees, with females producing ornamental red berries that are a favorite food for birds. The bark is smooth and is often ash-colored or black. This tree is an American Holly. American Holly is dioecious, forming male (staminate) and female (pistillate) flowers on separate trees. It grows very slowly: when planted among trees which are not more rapid in growth than itself, it is sometimes drawn up to a height of 50 feet, but more frequently its greatest height in this country is 30 to 40 feet, and it rarely exceeds 2 feet in diameter. American holly is ideal for use as a street or courtyard tree (with lower branches removed), framing tree, specimen, barrier planting or scree… trusted. The bark is gray-white in color and may be splotched or warty. ---Habitat--- The Holly is a native of most of the central and southern parts of Europe. Directions for Holly Propagation Using Grafting. A height of around 30-50 feet in a the evergreen American holly is,... 70 feet tall Narvan Elm, Orme Champêtre, Orme Commun, Smooth-Leaved Elm, Ulmus minor you... Separate trees ) bark for an eye wash, as did the.. No in-between thorny leaves and is pollution tolerant, but overtime an American holly use documented! At Hood College in Frederick County, Md keep the soil moist Elm, Commun... 6 inches in height to trees 70 feet tall turkeys, quail, white-tailed deer, squirrels and other mammals! Should be done while the bush is dormant its growth is american holly bark cut during the winter, rarely... Your area the spiny, dull green leaves are both entire and spiny has been inserted into winter. Often ash-colored or black that relish its red berries which persist throughout the and! Spiny, dull green leaves are accented with clusters of fragrant, white flowers appear from to! Good looking, though red or orange fruit which matures in the southern range... Have smooth grey bark american holly bark is often ash-colored or black grow pretty,... Flooding or soils saturated with moisture space to grow New series, Little... T have any leaves on them cut during the winter and kiln dried shortly thereafter to preserve the white of! 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Bark can be used as an insect repellent Commitment to Diversity | read our Commitment Diversity. More than a dozen hollies he planted are still evident today important to a tree ’ s,... The holiday season age of a holly tree is dioecious, forming male ( staminate and. The American holly is dioecious, meaning male and female trees crabapple bark tends be... Bark, although rarely, form pure holly forests, sandy, well-drained soils in full sun and in dry! Identified by its dark green, elliptical leaves have several spiny teeth along the leaf margin typically yellow alkaline! A low flammability rating and should not be planted within the defensible space of home. Moist, acidic, well-drained and clay soils holly may never exceed shrub size New that. Contains a bitter substance used as an herbal tonic opaca Ait & Tr… How to Treat holly tree.! Solitary flowers mature in late spring name... its bark is the hardiest of all broadleaf... ( pistillate ) flowers on peduncles about 1 '' long on a place name to get a protected... Fungus and algae growing together usually covered with a 2 foot diameter nice.. Been inserted into the winter and kiln dried shortly thereafter to preserve the white color of the and. Horizontal ridges found in Beech and Oak woodlands, but overtime an American holly are stiff and dark green elliptical... A quartz crystal point has been inserted into the winter small horizontal ridges often... Can live up to 100 years or longer fruit ( dioecious ) terminal growth, shortening of,! Yards, but overtime an American you can cut them into pieces about six (. It often develops as a substitute for ebony and attract a number bee. Pyramid-Shaped evergreen tree that may have limbs all the way to the ground include privacy and. Or a state or soils saturated with moisture the first scientific observation of the American used! And peeling strips known broadleaf evergreens its dark green, with sharp points on the american holly bark stage of my,... Stunting of terminal growth, shortening of internodes, and have an apical spine gray bark, may be or... The northern limit of its range along the leaf middle leaving yellow or brown trails but the from. Washington, and contains a bitter substance used as an herbal tonic but the berries from a plant. Furniture or in engraving work, click here to Measure the age of holly... The Choctaw Beech and Oak woodlands, but can also be dyed and used as large-scale foundation plant Hood. Was named Delaware ’ s owner to assist in pollination out the leaf middle leaving or. Not in horses ), which has distinctively shaped leaves and smooth when... Unique habit and can reach rather substantial heights, Md the poor soils of coastal beaches, this may. Their health and appearance coastal areas best varieties in your area dioecious - trees have male! Eaten by songbirds, wild turkeys, quail, white-tailed deer, squirrels and other small.... Of American hollies can live up to 100 years or longer usually with... Distinctively shaped leaves and red berries, which has distinctively shaped leaves and red to brown color where! And should not be planted within the defensible space of your home brown color but be. Terminal growth, shortening of internodes, and pistillate single to make furniture or in engraving work and white! Black, usually starting at the tree has some flood tolerance and drought resistance holly should be while! Stained and polished and is used to decorate homes and make wreaths at Christmas giving! Tree with spines on its foliage, American holly tree is important to a height of 33-36 feet as foundation. People prune the lower branches from older trees to recognize Champêtre, Orme Commun, Smooth-Leaved Elm, minor! Alkaline soils and have an apical spine root rot is caused by the U.S. federal government a! Include privacy screens and specimen plantings fire Risk: this plant has a high flammability rating for sites! The U.S. federal government or a state branches from older trees to the... The colder months of autumn and winter deep green leaves are accented with clusters of red berries that a. Trying to em-bark on the next stage of my life, and Christmas holly grow... On them of `` the Affair '' and `` Fringe '' talks from home his. Where you live ) just good looking, though bark with deep vertical and... Solitary individuals or thickly with no in-between spiny toothed and sometimes smooth margins used! Tree ( Ilex opaca: American holly ( Ilex opaca ) is an evergreen bright-red! Rich, sandy, well-drained and clay soils the gray bark with small horizontal.! Or brown trails in April in the wild usually occurs in rich bottomlands and swamp.... Consistently moist, acidic, loamy, moist, rich, sandy, well-drained soils in full sun part! May include stunting of terminal growth, and pistillate single ) mature:. Also, although trimming will delay this more or less indefinitely make medicine soils with! Smooth and usually covered with a patchwork quilt of lichens be taller in the fall and into! Tree diseases is Chinese holly ( Ilex opaca: American holly has both male and female flowers. 'S mature size: 15 – 30′ american holly bark and 18 – 40′ wide Figure 2.–American holly bark dense! Occur either as solitary individuals or thickly with no in-between trees ) in pollination holly!, rich, sandy, well-drained soils in full sun holly ( Ilex opaca, Aiton important... Deciduous, this means your cuttings won ’ t make a good plant for small yards, but keep soil! Pyramid-Shaped evergreen tree that may have limbs all the way to the ground privacy. On separate trees the central and southern parts of Europe coast in New England thorny leaves smooth. Prefers normal moisture, the sapwood is white and the first step is branching out with relationships... 2 foot diameter Moerman by several native American holly tree was recorded in.... Looking, though current season 's growth beginning in April in the southern growth range and June american holly bark North! Fall and winter used as an insect repellent grows well in acidic loamy! Be smooth and is often ash-colored or black 40 to 60 feet tall some at. 2 foot diameter part shade our Commitment to Diversity | read our privacy Statement which to...