AoM for Dec 2020, See the As Earth travels around the Sun, the tilt of Earth changes. Bauval is adamant that he is right and that these alignments of the shafts are of a symbolic stellar nature. In the case of Earth, the axis is tilted towards the ecliptic of the Sun at approximately 23.44° (or 23.439281° to be exact). Older people do not believe that human carbon emissions are causing ongoing climate change. This angle is almost identical to the mean difference in the angles of the northern and southern star shafts and is absolutely key to the design of the Great Pyramid at Giza. Many translated example sentences containing "axis of the earth" – German-English dictionary and search engine for German translations. At the time of writing, this remains to be seen. And still it is confusing in solstices. But why only 2 stars when there are 4 shafts? Their significance is perhaps not so much in targeting specific "cultic" stars at their culmination, but in the angles the shafts present, as well as the mean difference of 6.5 degrees in the angles of the northern and southern star shafts, which by the way is also confirmed by the 6.5-degree offset positioning of the King's Chamber shafts from those of the Queen's Chamber, and that in these angles and their 6.5-degree differences there lies a possible "message". GrahamHancock.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to products on Amazon. They point out that no light can shine down these shafts and no one can see the stars through these shafts anyway – as if this is in itself a revelation. In this way the integrity of the desired angles of the 'star shafts' is maintained (for the King's soul) whilst simultaneously ensuring that the most efficient path of the star shafts through the pyramid course layers is obtained. This is long after the reign of the fourth dynasty pharaoh Khufu who is said to have reigned between 2,589 and 2,566 BCE, and whom Egyptologists believe had ordered the construction of the Great Pyramid for his own personal tomb. It may, however, be the case that the 2 northern and 2 southern shafts were designed to target the same 2 stars – one star in the northern sky and one star in southern sky. It is denoted by the Greek letter ε. But what possible information could the 2 sets of shafts carry? The Chandler wobble or variation of latitude is a small deviation in the Earth's axis of rotation relative to the solid earth, which was discovered by American astronomer Seth Carlo Chandler in 1891. During the winter, the North Pole is tilted away from the Sun's rays. Note how the 2 lower trajectories (Queen's Chamber Shafts) are of almost identical inclination and how the upper trajectories (King's Chamber shafts) are slightly offset from the central axis. But concerning the shafts themselves, perhaps we should all stand back a little and take a more "lateral" perspective as it were. Stars that once were viewed at a particular elevation above Giza would have "moved" as a result of such a tilt of the Earth's polar axis. The significance of the crossover of the northern shafts tells us that the axis shift occurred in a counter-clockwise direction. by Graham Hancock, Mark Gaffney The 'Shafts First Hypothesis' (SFS) proposes that the angles of the star-shafts within the Great Pyramid of Giza were the primary and critical design feature that the ancients sought to "set" in stone within the body of the Great Pyramid. Earth rotates eastward, in prograde motion. Now, however ironic and incongruous this might seem, we must never overlook the work and dedication of those archaeologists and researchers whose time and effort was spent mapping the Great Pyramid from every point and angle so as to provide us with this internal view. The Great Pyramid Shafts “Track” The Shifting Stars (Earth Tilt). It is, however, equally possible (as we have seen) to turn Legon's conceptual design on its head and suggest that, via the Shafts First Solution, the shortest route for the shafts to reach the exterior of the pyramid would be to design a pyramid whose slopes would be at right angles (or as close as possible) to the shafts. the natural outcome) one would expect to find by targeting a stellar location that has moved from one position to another as would be the case in a change of the Earth's polar axis (figure 13). Example sentences with "axis of the earth", translation memory. Amazingly, this fact is still being used to explain away the 'star-shaft theory' even though Bauval has stated many times that these shafts were symbolic – inasmuch as they "guided" the dead Pharaoh's soul to the stars. The geographic (earth-mapping) coordinate system is aligned with the spin axis of the Earth. One Today, the Earth's axis is tilted 23.5 degrees from the plane of its orbit around the sun. There is no date given for the northern shaft of the Queen's Chamber that Bauval says aligned with the star Kochab in the constellation of Ursa Minor. STEP 3: Two squares are set on the angle of the lower shafts. These 2 stars at near identical inclination could just as easily have been chosen in order to form the basis of the pyramid design itself – as we shall shortly see. On the surface Legon's criticism of the stellar hypothesis seems perfectly logical. en Locations on Earth can be specified using a spherical coordinate system. Finally, Bauval states that the southern shaft from the Queen's Chamber (39º 30') aligned with Sirius around 2,400 BCE. Note how the angle between the vertices of the 2 sets of shafts is set at almost 6.5 degrees. http://www.scottcreighton.co.uk/slideshow/GPSFS/GP-SFS-Part1.pps. It is proposed then that the angular difference between the 2 sets of shafts in the Great Pyramid suggests that such an axial shift – if this is indeed what occurred in our remote past – demonstrates an axis shift of around 6.5° in a north to south direction. When it rotates on its spin axis -- an imaginary line that passes through the North and South Poles -- it drifts and wobbles. From this very simple starting point we can now define the slope, height and width of the Great Pyramid. Earth's semi-major axis in its orbit around the Sun is 149598261 km. Why continue to construct the 2 Queen's Chamber shafts when these apparently had been superseded by the new stellar destination implicit in the changed angles of the King's Chamber shafts? The ecliptic … It is entirely possible however, that at the blueprint stage, the designers of the Great Pyramid set the shafts in place first and placed the mid-plane of each chamber through the vertice of each set of shafts i.e. Surely, however, if the King wanted his soul to reach particular locations in the heavens then his architect would have FIRST measured the inclination of these celestial locations and then ensured that the shafts that were eventually to be built into the body of the pyramid were angled at these precise inclinations to facilitate the correct ascent of the King's soul to the desired celestial locations. Or – more specifically – the inclination angles of 2 stars. The Earth's axis is positioned at an angle of 23.5 degrees away from the plane of the ecliptic. In effect, the dimensions of the Great Pyramid are a direct consequence of the geometry of the star-shafts, thus it can be argued that the star-shafts can be deemed the key element of the Great Pyramid design and of primary significance to our investigation. Indeed, that the Queen's Chamber is placed in the mid-plane of the Great Pyramid is central to this idea. STEP 5c: The slopes of the pyramid are then extended to intersect the circumscribed circle. As stated earlier in this article, the Shafts First Solution advances the primacy of the pyramid shafts and suggests that their significance lies in the information they "carry". However, the builders of the Great Pyramid sought to angle the northern shafts in such a way that the angles "cross-over" (figure 12). Measurements for the 20 th century show that the spin axis drifted about 4 inches (10 centimeters) per year. Contrary to the on-site, hands-on, archaeological approach, these particular star constellations and their most important stars – which have now been brought to our attention by these shafts – can only really be seen from the modern "armchair" view of a cross-sectioned map or plan of the Great Pyramid against the background of the stars in the night sky. It has often been commented that the Great Pyramid's height to base ratio is equal to Pi/2 with the tan of 4/Pi being equal to 51.85° which is almost precisely the slope angle of the Great Pyramid. But why 2 shafts (north and south) to target the same single star (north and south)? This imaginary line runs directly through the object's center, from the north to the south poles. It defines two angles measured from the center of the Earth. by Graham Hancock, Eater of Souls In consideration of the 4 shafts within the Great Pyramid, it stands to reason that the inordinate amount of resources and effort that would have been required to place these quite unique features within the body of the pyramid lends considerable weight to their primacy and paramount importance within the pyramid structure. These spin-axis movements are scientifically referred to as "polar motion." The symbolic message is clear – the stars that once were 'targeted' from these lower shafts can no longer be targeted from those shafts. And how is it possible to target the same 2 stars (one north, one south) at the same moment in time (and from the same location) when the lower star shafts have different angles of inclination to the upper star shafts? jw2019. Nevertheless, NASA claims that the shift is an occurrence that had taken place over tens of thousands of years. The apex of the pyramid is now set (by the square of the angles of the Queen's Chamber shafts), thereby setting the slope of the pyramid which is a little under 52° (being the inverse of the lower shaft angles at around 38º). But once through, a second door was found. Earth revolves around an enormous source of energy: the Sun. In particular, this article will challenge Legon's main argument against the star-shaft hypothesis, proof of which he asserts lies in the geometry of the Great Pyramid itself. STEP 5d: The Great Pyramid has now been defined by its Star Shafts. OpenSubtitles2018.v3 ro Chiar şi un asteroid relativ mic, venind în unghiul corect, fără să lovească Pământul, doar să-l zgârie, ar putea, teoretic, să schimbe axa de … This article will show how this proposal is erroneous and will present a radical new proposal for the purpose of these most enigmatic of pyramid features. The shafts are pointing out the stars that the ancients wanted us to recognise . But can anyone say in which direction the earth is tilted .AO or BO. Furthermore, it is suggested by some Egyptologists that the so-called Queen's Chamber was constructed only as a 'stand-by' chamber should the builders have failed in their greater goal of constructing the main King's Chamber higher up the pyramid. The current earth rotation is something like this [1] : with a tilt of 23.5 degrees. Earth rotates on an axis. however . AoM Archive. Simply put, the Great Pyramid may have been constructed in order to "carry" the 4 shafts. However, like most theories, this conclusion has had its fair share of critics who are right to inform us that: 1) No stars can be seen through the shafts as the angles of the shafts are irregular. Imagine a merry-go-round at an amusement park or on a playground. At present, Gantenbrink's work continues to see or go beyond these "doors", and to discover what might lie on the other side, and it has been theorized that a chamber may indeed exist at the end of the shaft. If this were the case then it logically follows that the dimensions of the Great Pyramid would have been determined from the shafts and not the other way around as all commentators, including Legon, have long assumed. "…The stellar-alignment hypothesis would have been immeasurably stronger if the angles of the shafts could only be expressed in terms of some arbitrary mathematical ratios, for which no obvious geometrical design could be determined; but when the southern shaft was simply aligned along the diagonal of a square, as Bauval acknowledges, how much significance can be attached to any star that happened to pass over the shaft-exit when at culmination? What was it that was so important to the ancient designers and builders about these shafts that they should expend so much blood, sweat and tears to ensure they were built into the body of the Great Pyramid? Legon concedes this point but attempts to rationalise it by citing the 'symbolic significance' of the shafts and of how the Ancient Egyptians could have secured their [air-flow] function through 'magical means'. They have moved – metaphorically – "out of sight" and can now only be targeted from their new location – i.e. We would suggest that it was intended – indeed hoped – that a future civilisation such as ours would view the Great Pyramid precisely in this way – a view that would most certainly have been familiar to those who had first drawn-up the blueprint for this colossal 'time-capsule;' a repository of knowledge that could withstand the ravages of time. en They are created because of the way the earth spins on its axis and because some parts of the earth’s surface heat up more than others, keeping the atmosphere in a constant state of turbulence. It spins on an axis that is tilted 23 and a half degrees to the plane of its orbit. From this premise it logically follows that the angle of each of the Great Pyramid's slopes – 51.84º – could be viewed as simply being the result of squaring the angle of the two fairly equally inclined shafts of the Queen's Chamber (see figure 3). . It was evidently to avoid this outcome that the builders compensated for the offset of the chamber, by increasing the angle of the southern channel while reducing the angle of the northern channel by a similar amount…". . The significance of the star shafts is the simple fact that they may well have been the underlying design imperative of the Great Pyramid. Oddly, however, Khufu continued constructing the Queen's Chamber shafts long after this apparent change of mind. Undoubtedly some will even consider it ludicrous. The Queens Chamber shafts certainly could have targeted 2 stars of identical (or near identical) inclination but it should not be inferred that this would automatically have been for 'cultic' reasons. Earth's rotation is the rotation of planet Earth around its own axis. The map below shows the positions in the sky of the North Celestial Poles of the Sun, Earth and Mars. Due to the work of German explorer, Rudolph Gantenbrink[3] and the small robot he constructed to explore these shafts, it has so far been found that some two-thirds up along its length, the southern shaft exiting the Queen's Chamber had been purposely blocked by two "doors" or limestone plugs some 5 inches square. Earth is not a perfect sphere. That the designers should wish to target particular stars solely for "cultic' reasons is also an erroneous assumption. In the context of the 'ventilation' theory this makes perfect sense, since the shortest distance would have provided the most effective air-flow…". This would seem to indicate then that a circle was involved in determining the Great Pyramid's height and base. This door was later breached by sending a robot up the shaft with a drill attached so as to make a hole big enough in the door to pass a camera-eye through. As viewed from the north pole star Polaris, Earth turns counterclockwise. If, however, the Earth's polar axis made a sudden and dramatic shift, this would give the apparent illusion that the stars in the sky had "moved out of their place"; the sky would appear to have "fallen". In the stellar hypothesis advanced by Robert Bauval, it is believed that the shafts target 4 stars (2 north and 2 south) c. 2,500BCE. Quite simply, with regards to the Queen's Chamber shafts, this idea can in no way be considered the purpose of these shafts for one very simple reason: the Queen's Chamber shafts were – until the 19th century – sealed at both ends. . Nights of the Witch Axis definition, the line about which a rotating body, such as the earth, turns. Essentially then, Legon offers no explanation for the Queen's Chamber shafts. (axis of the Earth has been Displaced) Inuit tribe elders have noted climate change in glacier melting, seal skin deterioration, and the slow disappearance of sea ice. "…According to the air-shaft theory, however, the architect was free to determine the angles of slope which best suited his development of the geometrical design, within the broad framework dictated by the need for a short route to be taken to the outside of the pyramid…". However, if as Legon proposes, the shaft angles were determined purely around the practicalities of reaching the exterior of the pyramid ABOVE and to the DETRIMENT of the King's desire that they should be best angled to enable his soul to ascend to particular celestial locations, then the King's soul might never reach its intended destination in the heavens. (Click on the link below for a full presentation of the Shafts First Solution). Like a notebook is designed to allow us to place information within its pages, so the Great Pyramid was designed to carry vital information through its 4 shafts – like "arrow" pointers. The geographic (earth-mapping) coordinate system is aligned with the spin axis of the Earth.It defines two angles measured from the center of the Earth. "…At a first approximation, one obvious requirement which was satisfied by these angles [of the shafts] was that the shafts should take the shortest route from the Queen's Chamber to the outside of the pyramid. In our view, the initial purpose of these shafts is that they may have been intended by the designers to be viewed as "pointers" to the stars – more like the indicators and "arrows" we see in drawings and diagrams which are used to point out the more significant features. Inuit elders says the Earth's axis has shifted The International Business Times reiterates NASA’s claim that this phenomenon is due to global warming. This idea, however, seems to be contradicted by the angles of the shafts which are significantly different in the King's Chamber to those of the Queen's Chamber. The polar axis of Mars is tilted to the ecliptic by around the same amount as is the Earth, more precisely 25.2 o, but it is pointed in a different direction. This proposal would seem to imply that Khufu apparently changed the stellar destination of his soul during the construction of his pyramid and thus changed the angle of the King's Chamber shafts to reflect this change of mind. Image courtesy of: Earth Is tilted This idea is most certainly radical and far-reaching. Earth's Axis Is Imaginary. The difficulties the builders would undoubtedly have faced in constructing the pyramid around these shafts demonstrates a clear spirit of purpose and determination that could only have been matched by the seriousness and importance of the information – the 'message' – the shafts carry. Stars that once were viewed at a particular elevation above Giza would have "moved" as a result of such a tilt of the Earth's polar axis. The axis is the way the earth is angled and the rotation of the earth its responsible for the changes of the seasons we experience, without the axis the earth would be a different place for sure. As shown in Figure 3, the earth axis of rotation (the polar axis) is inclined at an angle of 23.45° from the ecliptic axis, which is normal to the ecliptic plane. These aspects of the internal design of the Great Pyramid are important "clues" that Legon has overlooked in his analysis. An objects axis, or axial tilt, also referred to as obliquity, is the angle between an objects orbital axis and rotational axis, or regularly, the angle between … The answer to this question lies in how the Great Pyramid was designed and what that design was intended to convey. However, we are being told that the shafts from the King's Chamber were meant to align with Thuban and Al-Nitak before the shafts of the Queen's Chamber were meant to align with Kochab and Sirius. In this passage there is no attempt made by Legon to explain why the builders chose to offset the King's Chamber from the pyramid's central axis, skirting over this very obvious anomaly as though it was of no consequence. Were the shafts of the Great Pyramid to have targeted 4 individual stars this could have been achieved simply and easily in the manner shown in Figure 11, with no crossover of the northern shafts. The Earth travels in an elliptical path around the sun . During a cycle that averages about 40,000 years, the tilt of the axis … Of course, it is unlikely that the actual sky literally fell. "…The slope of the shafts would also have encouraged the setting-up of convection currents, causing hot spent air to be drawn out of the chamber while allowing cooler air to take its place…". From what we now understand, it is tempting to agree with Bauval and his predecessors on the theory that the shafts do indeed have some kind of stellar association. It can be demonstrated, therefore, that the star shafts of the Great Pyramid can be used in a simple and systematic manner to define the actual dimensions of the Great Pyramid itself. It is a myth spoken of in numerous ancient texts, including the books of the Old and New Testaments. A planet's orbital axis is perpendicular to to the ecliptic or orbital plane, the thin disk surrounding the sun and extending to the edge of the solar system. This axial tilt remains steady throughout the year. Legon comes to his conclusions by assuming that the internal chambers were set in place first­ with the shafts being afforded only secondary consideration. In any case, as a result of Gantenbrink's fastidious explorations, all four shafts have now been carefully tracked, meticulously examined and measured from inside; every twist and bend recorded, analysed and assessed . Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. The ride moves in a circle as the people riding it rotate around the ride's axis point. The "cross-over" is the tell-tale 'signature' (i.e. It seems somewhat peculiar that Khufu would continue to construct the Queen's Chamber shafts (at the very same time as the King's Chamber shafts were being constructed) when it seems that he had already changed the stellar destination for his soul as evidenced by the changed angle of the King's Chamber shafts. First there was the discovery of the first door which immediately caused a media sensation. "…It turns out that the geometry of the air-shafts is a function of the meridian cross-section of the pyramid itself, and can be developed simultaneously with the geometrical placing of the King's Chamber which I have previously described. This 'myth' tells us in unequivocal terms that in remote antiquity the 'sky fell' and that the stars moved out of their place. If the same angles had been employed, the shafts would have come out at different levels on the pyramid's north and south sides. But this, of course, raises the next obvious question: why is the vertice of the upper shafts from the King's Chamber not aligned on the pyramid's central axis like those of the Queen's Chamber? Although we can't feel the Earth spinning, it makes one complete turn, each day, around its own axis. As Legon puts it, "…we find that the alignments of the shafts fall into place as an immediate development of the most elementary pyramid geometry." As indicated earlier, it is possible that the Great Pyramid was designed using two stars of similar inclination – one in the northern sky, the other in the southern sky. This is not to say that symbolic aspects to the angle of the stars chosen by the ancient designers did not feature in the structure – there most likely were symbolic aspects to the shafts and these will be discussed later. . Bauval tells us that first the southern shaft of the King's Chamber (45º) aligned with the star Al-Nitak in the constellation of Orion around 2,475 BCE. Further, Legon also fails to attempt to explain the curious elevated roof of the King's Chamber which seems to defy all manner of explanation. The mean angle of the two shafts as observed by Petrie corresponds to this profile with a difference of only about ten minutes of arc: Angle of Slope, for 11 rise on 14 base = 38° 9' 26". Earth's orbital plane is known as the ecliptic plane, and Earth's tilt is known to astronomers as the obliquity of the ecliptic, being the angle between the ecliptic and the celestial equator on the celestial sphere. The answer to this apparent enigma may lie in one of our most ancient world 'myths'. Note how these 2 squares set on the lower shafts are bound by the central axis and the length of the upper shafts. This is done simply and easily using the angle of the left upper-shaft (King's Chamber south) which is inclined at almost exactly 45° which is equal to Pi/4. Legon is assuming here that – in the design phase – the Great Pyramid slope (seked 5.5) was selected first and that the angles of the shafts were chosen only afterwards. There was never any intention on the part of the designers or builders of these shafts ever being used as air conduits. …". Is there any other evidence available to us that might indicate the same "message"? Finnish Translation for axis of the earth - dict.cc English-Finnish Dictionary Earth's axial tilt (also known as the obliquity of the ecliptic) is about 23.5 degrees. Bauval says that at this time Al-Nitak within Orion's Belt, was crossing or transiting the Giza Meridian at 45º exactly. The "meridian cross-section" identified here by Legon would simply be the natural outcome of the Shafts First Solution as demonstrated. . See more. In his paper, 'The Geometry of the Air-Shafts' Legon writes: "…Owing to the random disposition of the stars in the night sky, however, we should not expect that an alignment to a star of cultic significance in the southern sky would have required the same angle of inclination as an alignment to a cult star in the northern sky; and this in itself is a strong argument against the star-shaft hypothesis. Earth Tilt 23 5 Degrees Axis How Can an earthquake shift the earth s axis zidbits learn earth s axial tilt and tropics ilration stock image c038 what is the angle of inclination earth s axis with its 2 4 earth s tilted axis and the seasons eme 810 solar resource no … An ellipse is defined by its semi-major and semi-minor axes. What possible reason could there be to construct a structure such as the Great Pyramid around 2 sets of 2 shafts? Find earth axis stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. 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